A number of historically significant people were named Alexander:
- Alexander of Battenberg (1857-1893), first prince of Bulgaria
- Alexander I of Epirus king of Epirus about 342 B.C.
- Alexander II of Epirus king of Epirus 272 B.C.
- Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.) king of Macedonia
- Alexander of Pherae despot of Pherae
- Alexander of Poland (1461-1506) king of Poland
- Pope Alexander I
- Pope Alexander II pope from 1061 to 1073
- Pope Alexander III pope from 1159 to 1181
- Pope Alexander IV pope from 1254 to 1261
- Pope Alexander V 1409-1410
- Pope Alexander VI (1431-1503)
- Pope Alexander VII pope from 1655 to 1667
- Pope Alexander VIII pope from 1689 to 1691
- Russian Tsar Alexander I (1777-1825), emperor of Russia
- Russian Tsar Alexander II (1818-1881), emperor of Russia
- Russian Tsar Alexander III (1845-1894), emperor of Russia
- Alexander I of Scotland (c. 1078-1124), king of Scotland
- Alexander II of Scotland (1198-1249), king of Scotland
- Alexander III of Scotland (1241-1285), king of Scotland
- Alexander Obrenovich (1876-1903), king of Servia
- Alexander of Greece Greek rhetorician
- Alexander of Hales 13th century Medieval theologian
- Alexander Aetolus Greek poet
- Alexander Balas ruler of the Greek kingdom of Syria 150-146 B.C.
- Alexander Cornelius Greek grammarian
- Alexander Jannaeus king of the Jews 103 B.C.
- Alexander of Aphrodisias Greek commentator
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