Ancient (see also ancient civilizations)
- Ur, Uruk, Kish, etc (Sumerian city-states)
- Old Babylonia
- New Babylonia
- Hittites
- Assyria
- Adiabene
- Commagene
- Persian Empire
- Ancient Israel
- Athens, Sparta, Syracuse, etc (Hellenic city-states)
- Empire of Alexander the Great (what is it called?)
- Carthage
- Indus Valley Civilisation
- Roman Republic, Roman Empire
- Magadhan Empire
- Mongol Empire
- Tang China
- Egyptian Empire
- Aztec Empire
- Mayan Empire Maya Mayas Mayan Mayans (When somebody creates this please make these other headings redirect to it. Thanks.)
- Incan Empire (Tawatinsuyu, Inca, Inka, Incans)
Medieval
- States in Medieval Britain
- Kievan Rus
- Khazar Empire
- Byzantine Empire
- Frankish Kingdom
- Holy Roman Empire
- Ottoman Empire
- Republic of Venice
- Hanseatic League -- neither a country nor an empire
Modern
- Austro-Hungarian Empire
- Burma - became Myanmar
- Confederate States of America
- Czechoslovakia
- Fiume (under occupation by Gabrielle D'Annunzio)
- French Equatorial Africa
- German Democratic Republic - (DDR)
- German Empire
- German South West Africa - became Namibia
- Java
- Kalat
- Ottoman Empire
- Persia
- Portuguese India
- Prussia
- Republic of Texas
- Rhodesia - became Zambia and Zimbabwe
- Ceylon - became Sri Lanka
- Tannu Tuva
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR)
- Tanganyika
- Zanzibar
- Zaire
- Democratic Republic of Germany
- Biafra
- Katanga
- Tibet
- United Arab Republic
- Naples Kingdom
- Upper Volta - became Burkina Faso
see also Lost cities
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